In our previous two issues, we discussed troubleshooting digital output modules. Troubleshooting analog modules is a bit more complicated, for two reasons: Analog modules aren't on/off, as digital ...

I/O modules are building blocks of industrial control systems used in end equipment such as PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers), PAC (Programmable Automation Controller) and DCS (Distributed Control ...

This article explores key mixed-signal applications, highlighting the difference between signal-path faults and rail-driven ...

In the previous two issues of this newsletter, we looked at troubleshooting digital input modules. Basically, we looked for the presence or absence of a voltage. With analog modules, it's trickier ...

The rapid evolution of electronic system design has underscored the importance of Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs) and mixed‐signal systems in achieving flexible, energy‐efficient processing.

Designers of digital systems are familiar with implementing the 'leftovers' of their digital design by using FPGAs and CPLDs to glue together various processors, memories, and standard function ...

The distinction between analog and digital signals is very simple, but it can still be a challenge to wrap one's mind around the concepts that define the two systems. Just when you think you've got it ...

Considerations for dividing analog and digital blocks. Decoupling techniques. Breaking down the board layers. How best to deal with grounding. Similar to building a house, it’s essential to create a ...

How analog signal engineering is performed, in broad strokes. What are the component-selection considerations for new designs? What are VFAs and how are they used? Analog signal engineers specialize ...